• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present disclosure relates to the technical field of water management in the wheat production process, and specifically relates to a precise irrigation method based on the water demand characteristics of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation 5 area. The irrigation period and the irrigation water amount is determined based on the growth period of the winter wheat and the leaf water potential of the wheat, and the precise irrigation is performed. In the precise irrigation method based on the water demand characteristics of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area provided by the present disclosure, the precise irrigation management method based on the winter 10 wheat water demand in the Yellow River irrigation area is combined with the wheat growth cycle and the leaf water potential to judge the irrigation period and the irrigation water amount, thereby realizing the scientific management of the water demand of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area. The precise irrigation method can significantly improve irrigation water utilization in the Yellow River irrigation area, and 15 greatly reduce the irrigation water amount, thereby achieving the effect of saving labor and environmental protection.
    公开号:NL2024921A
    申请号:NL2024921
    申请日:2020-02-17
    公开日:2020-05-01
    发明作者:Li Shengdong；Bi Xiangjun；Si Jisheng；Wang Zongshuai；Feng Bo；Li Huawei；Wang Fahong；Zhang Bin
    申请人:Crop Res Inst Shandong Acad Agricultural Sciences；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    PRECISION IRRIGATION METHOD BASED ON WATER DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS OF WINTER WHEAT IN A YELLOW RIVER IRRIGATION AREA
    TECHNICAL FIELD
    The present disclosure relates to the technical field of water management in the wheat production process, in particular to a precise irrigation method based on water demand characteristics of winter wheat in a Yellow River irrigation area.
    BACKGROUND
    The winter wheat area in Huanghuai Region (between the Yellow River and Huai River) is the main winter wheat area in China, and the wheat area and total output thereof respectively account for about 45% and 48% of the wheat area and total output all over China. The Yellow River irrigation area is an important part of the winter wheat area in the Huanghuai Region, mainly including Shandong Province, most of Henan Province (except for Xinyang) and the south central regions of Hebei Province. For quite some time, the rough winter wheat irrigation method is used in the Yellow River irrigation area, so that the water use is not scientific and reasonable. As a result, the area of planting winter wheat is vast, but the winter wheat yield is relatively low. Taking Shandong Province with the largest planting proportion of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area as an example, the planting area of winter wheat is more than 50 million acres for an average year, but regarding the wheat yield, there is a large distance from developed countries in Europe and the United States. At present, wheat production in developed countries in Europe and the United States has basically achieved precise management in agricultural production, which has a high utilization rate of agricultural resources, and increases production efficiency of wheat. Taking the water utilization rate as an example, the water utilization rate of wheat in developed countries in Europe and the United States is about 2.3 kg/m3, while the water utilization rate of wheat in Shandong Province of the Yellow River irrigation area is only 1.0 kg/m1, which is only 41.7% of developed countries. The gap is obvious. For a long time, the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area has high irrigation costs but low yields, and thus lacks market competitiveness.
    Up to now, the main irrigation methods for winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area include the flood irrigation method and the “Xiaobailong” method (i.e. the hose irrigation method). The majority of farmers believe that flood irrigation can supply adequate water for the crops to a large extent, and the crops must be irrigated continuously to increase the yield, so they often water the crop intuitively. However, in fact, flood irrigation does not allow the crops to absorb water reasonably and scientifically, causing the low water utilization rate. In addition, flood irrigation will make the groundwater level rise to form capillary water, and salinity will come with the water, but won’t run off with the water, which causes soil salinization and low yield, even the crop cannot live. The popular “Xiaobailong” irrigation method in rural areas, also known as hose irrigation, is a groundwater irrigation method by using white plastic film pipes. This method changed the practice of flood irrigation in the past, and is relatively convenient, flexible, and economical, but the amount of irrigation is still too large. Also, the pipe used by the “Xiaobailong” irrigation method is easily scratched and then leaked, and the cost of replacing aged water pipes is high. The drip irrigation technology and sprinkling irrigation technology can effectively utilize water and has been widely used, but the drip and sprinkler irrigation equipment is relatively expensive and it is not suitable for large area applications.
    Based on the above reasons, it is imperative to provide a precise irrigation method based on the water demand characteristics of winter wheat in Yellow River irrigation areas at different periods.
    SUMMARY
    Since the lack of overall water utilization and management method of winter wheat in the prior art causes low water absorption and utilization efficiency in the winter wheat growing cycle in the Yellow River irrigation area and the farmers’ misconception of focusing on irrigation and overlooking management at present, the present disclosure provides a precise irrigation method based on water demand characteristics of winter wheat in a Yellow River irrigation area. This method makes the most of the existing irrigation conditions. By means of changing the irrigation period, adjusting the irrigation volume, optimizing and integrating the wheat water management in a growth cycle, the goal of integrated, efficient and precise irrigation in a growth cycle is achieved.
    The present disclosure provides a precision irrigation method based on the water demand characteristics of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area. The precision irrigation method includes: determining the irrigation period and the irrigation water amount based on the growth period of the winter wheat and the leaf water potential of the wheat, and performing precise irrigations.
    Further, in the precision irrigation method, performing the first precision irrigation in the reviving stage of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area, detecting the leaf water potential of the wheat, and irrigating the wheat when the leaf water potential value is lower than -0.8 MPa.
    Further, in the precision irrigation method, in the reviving stage of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area, distributing the irrigation water between the wheat rows, and maintaining the amount of irrigation water at 30-40 m’/mu (lmu=0.165acres).
    Further, in the precision irrigation method, maintaining a field water holding capacity of more than 90% for 10 days in the reviving stage of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area.
    Further, in the precision irrigation method, irrigating after topdressing the winter wheat in the reviving stage of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area.
    Further, in the precision irrigation method, performing the second precision irrigation in the flowering stage of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area, detecting the leaf water potential of the wheat, and irrigating the wheat when the leaf water potential value is lower than -0.8 MPa.
    Further, in the precision irrigation method, in the flowering stage of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area, distributing the irrigation water between the rows of wheat, and maintaining the amount of irrigation water at 30-40 m3/mu.
    Further, in the precision irrigation method, maintaining the field water holding capacity of more than 90% in the field for 10 days in the flowering stage of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area.
    Further, in the precision irrigation method, irrigating after topdressing in the flowering stage of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area.
    Further, in the precision irrigation method, sowing the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area, without watering the winter wheat.
    According to the precise irrigation management method based on the water demand of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area of the present disclosure, the irrigation period and the irrigation water amount is determined by combining the wheat growth cycle and the leaf water potential, so as to realize the scientific water demand management of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area. The winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area has a longer growth period. Generally, it is sowed in October and harvested in early June of the following year, so the growth period is about 250 days. The main water demand period is from the reviving stage to the end of the grain filling stage. Therefore, the present disclosure makes full use of the remaining water from the previous growth period of the crop in the soil, so as to sow the winter wheat without irrigation.
    Whether root cells of plants absorb water in the soil is mostly determined by the water potential of the plant leaf tissue. The leaf water potential can directly reflect the water condition of the plant, and thus determine whether the plant needs irrigation to supplem ent water. The leaf water potential is positively related to the degree of drought. The water potential value of -0.8MPa is regarded as the critical value. The more severe the plant is affected by drought, the smaller the leaf water potential. When the water potential value is -l.OMPa, the leaves temporarily wither; when the water potential value is -1.5 MPa, the leaves permanently wither; when the water potential value is -
    2.4 MPa, the plant may die. On the contrary, when the water potential value is higher than -0.8 MPa, it indicates that the leaf water is closer to the saturation value 0. The present disclosure measures the leaf water potential of the wheat at various growth stages, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
    Table 1 Leaf water potential of wheat at various growth stages
    Growth periodReviving stageStem elongation stageHeading stageFlowering stageGrain filling stageLeaf water potential under drought conditions-1.1-0.8-0.9-1.2-0.9
    According to Table 1, the water potential of wheat leaves in the reviving and flowering stages under drought conditions was significantly lower, and the plants were severely water-deficit, showing that the plant water demand in the two stages was large. The temperature of wheat in the reviving stage increases, and the growth accelerated, so the water demand increases sharply. When the wheat enters the flowering stage, the daily water consumption reached the maximum, accounting for 26% to 42% of total water consumption in the lifetime of the wheat. Therefore, the water management of the present disclosure includes two precision irrigations. The first irrigation is performed during the reviving stage of the winter wheat, and the second irrigation is performed during the flowering stage of the winter wheat.
    The maximum water consumption is 75m3/mu. The water consumption of the traditional floor irrigation method can reach 90m3/mu. The water consumption of the “Xiaobailong” irrigation method is 60nf7mu. Both methods require a high level of water consumption, and the reason is that the vast number of farmers have a misunderstanding, i.e. the more water we give the crop, the higher the yield of the wheat is. In fact, the soil cannot absorb so much water that a large part of water resources run off and was wasted. The present disclosure performs precise irrigation during the reviving and flowering stages of the winter wheat, which can meet the water demand for wheat growth, promote root growth and development, improve the disease resistance of plants, and avoid using grain filling water. The grain filling water is prone to a closed environment around the root system. Since more water means less air, and less air causes anaerobic respiration of the root system, so the root system will be etiolated. The etiolated root system affects the growth and development of the aerial plant, thereby affecting the yield. In general, water-air balance causes deceleration in the aging of root system, so grains are full and the yield is high. If the water and air do not balance, then the root system is fast aged, causing that grains is small and the yield is low.
    In the present disclosure, timely and accurate irrigations are performed during the reviving stage and flowering stage, so that the amount of irrigation water wheat is reduced to 30-40 m3/mu. Although there is less irrigation, it can completely supply the water needed for the growth and development of wheat. Moreover, the use of water resources is more reasonable, thereby reducing agricultural irrigation costs, and increasing efficiency.
    The advantages of the present disclosure are:
    The present disclosure provides a precise irrigation method based on the water demand characteristics of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area, which can not only significantly improve the utilization rate of irrigation water in the Yellow
    River irrigation area, but also significantly reduce the amount of irrigation water, thereby achieving the benefits of labor saving and environmental protection.
    In order to eliminating the disadvantages of traditional rough irrigation in winter wheat planting in the Yellow River irrigation area, not only the traditional irrigation method is simply changed to two irrigations, but based on combining the water use conditions in the Yellow River irrigation area, the wheat water demand is properly matched with the water release curve, and the water demand of winter wheat, leaf water potential and irrigation amount are combined and optimized, thereby achieving this innovative reform. The present disclosure realizes the overall management of the irrigation water, and increases the utilization efficiency of the irrigation water in the growth cycle by more than 15%.
    In summary, the present disclosure satisfies the water demand of crops by optimizing the water management of the wheat growth cycle. The irrigation period and the irrigation water amount are precise, meanwhile ensuring that the total amount of irrigation is significantly reduced, and significantly improving the water productivity and the utilization rate of the irrigation water in the Yellow River irrigation area.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
    In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present disclosure, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described hereinafter. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by an ordinary person skilled in the art without creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
    Screening example 1 (screening the irrigation water amount in the reviving stage)
    Winter wheat was irrigated during the reviving stage in the Yellow River irrigation area by the distribution irrigation method. The irrigation water amounts were 20m3/mu, 30m3/mu, 40m3/mu, 60m3/mu, and 75m3/mu. The water potential values of wheat leaves in the reviving stage under different gradient irrigation were compared to obtain the comparison result as shown in Table 2.
    Table 2 Comparison of water potential of wheat leaves in the reviving stage with gradient irrigation water amounts
    Irrigation water amount(m3/mu)2030406075Leaf water potential (MPa)-1.0-0.7-0.8-0.3-0.2
    According to Table 2, when the irrigation water amount is 30-40m3/mu, the leaf water potential is close to the critical value of -0.8MPa, which indicates that the plant water is reasonable without the need for irrigation; when the irrigation water amount is 20-30m3/mu, the leaf water potential is about -l.OMPa, which indicates that the plant leaves are short of water; when the irrigation water amount is 40-75m3/mu, the leaf water potential is very low, and it is getting closer to the saturated water potential, which indicates that the plant absorbs too much water, and the condition of more water and less air is not conducive to the growth of plant roots.
    Screening example 2 (screening the irrigation water amount in the flowering stage)
    Winter wheat was irrigated during the flowering stage in the Yellow River irrigation area by the distribution irrigation method. The irrigation water amounts were 20m3/mu, 30m7mu, 40m3/mu, 60m3/mu, and 75m7mu. The water potential values of wheat leaves in the flowering stage under different gradient irrigation were compared to obtain the comparison result as shown in Table 3.
    Table 3 Comparison of water potential of wheat leaves during the flowering stage with gradient irrigation water amounts
    Irrigation water amount (m3/mu)2030406075Leaf water potential (MPa)-1.1-0.9-0.8-0.3-0.1
    According to Table 3, when the irrigation water amount in the flowering stage is 40-50 m3/mu, the leaf water potential is close to the critical value of -0.8MPa, which indicates that the plant water is reasonable without the need for irrigation; when the irrigation water amount is 20-30 m3/mu, the leaf water potential is about -0.9MPa, which indicates that the plant leaves are short of water; when the irrigation water amount is 40-75 m3/mu, the leaf water potential increases and is getting closer to the saturated water potential.
    Embodiment 1
    This embodiment was tested in 2017 and 2018 in a test field of the Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Shandong Province. The test field has an area of 2000 m2 and satisfies the condition of irrigations. The breed of wheat to be tested is Jimai 22 (selected and bred by the Crop Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences). The wheat was sowed on October 8, 2017, the row spacing of the wheat was 18 cm, the sowing amount was 12 kg/mu, and the sowing depth was 4 cm without any irrigation. The wheat entered the reviving stage on March 16, 2018, and the water potential of the wheat leaves was -0.9 MPa, which was a moderate drought. After topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, the irrigation is performed between the rows of wheat with river water by the irrigation canal and irrigation pipe, and the irrigation water amount is 40 m3/mu. On May 6, 2018, the wheat began to enter the flowering stage, and the water potential of the wheat leaves was -0.7 MPa, which was a mild drought. At this time, the second irrigation was performed between the rows of wheat by the irrigation canal and irrigation pipe, and the irrigation water amount is 30 m3/mu. The wheat was harvested on June 18, 2018.
    Comparative Example 1
    This comparative example employs the traditional flood irrigation method in an area of 600m2. The sowing date and breed of wheat are the same as in Embodiment 1. According to the water management method of this comparative example, the wheat was watered on October 8, 2017 in the sowing stage and on April 10, 2018 in the stem elongation stage. The irrigation is performed between the rows of wheat with river water by the irrigation canal and irrigation pipe, and the irrigation water amount is 60 m3/mu. The wheat was harvested on June 18, 2018.
    The test results of Embodiment 1 and Comparative Example 1 are compared as follows:
    The three factors of yield in the test field under the precise irrigation method based on the water demand of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area described in Embodiment 1 were: 469,000 ears per mu, 33.9 grains per ear, 38.9g per thousand grains, respectively, and the actual yield was 552.6kg /mu.
    The three factors of yield in the test field under the traditional irrigation method in the comparative example were: 416,000 ears per mu, 30.1 grains per ear, 34.7g per thousand grains, respectively, and the actual yield was 500,3kg / mu.
    Based on the comparison of the above three factors of yield and the wheat yield, it was found that in the precision irrigation method described in Embodiment 1, the weight per thousand grains was increased by 12.1% and the yield was increased by 10.5% while the irrigation water amount was decreased by 33%. Obviously, the precision irrigation method used by Embodiment 1 has a significant increase in the weight per thousand grains and the yield, which indicates that although the precision irrigation method provided by the present disclosure requires a less irrigation water amount, avoid the drought and water shortage in the middle growth period of the wheat due to the matching of the irrigation period and the water demand period of the wheat. In contrast, the traditional irrigation method in Comparative Example 1 had a larger total irrigation water amount, but a lot of water was lost without the matching of the irrigation period and water demand period of wheat.
    Embodiment 2
    This embodiment was tested in the 2017 and 2018 in Majiazhuang Village, Manzhuang Town, Daiyue District, Tai'an City. The soil in this field is loam and has irrigation conditions. The breed of wheat to be tested is Jimai 44. The wheat is sowed on October 10, 2017, the row spacing of the wheat was 18cm, the sowing amount was 15kg/mu, and the sowing depth was 5cm without any irrigation. On March 16, 2018, the wheat in the reviving stage was irrigated after topdressing. The water potential of the wheat leaves was -0.9 MPa, which was a moderate drought, and the irrigation water volume was 40 m3/mu. On May 6, 2018, the wheat began to enter the flowering stage and was irrigated again after topdressing. The water potential of the wheat leaves was 0.7 MPa, which was a moderate drought. The irrigation water volume was 40m3/mu and the field water holding capacity maintains more than 90%. The wheat was harvested on June 12, 2018.
    Comparative Example 2
    This comparative example is a traditional fertilized field with an area of 200m2. The sowing date and breed of wheat are the same as in Example 2. The water management method of this comparative example is that the wheat is irrigated twice in the season. The irrigation water amount in the sowing stage was 60 m3/mu, and on April 10, 2018, the irrigation water amount in the stem elongation stage of the wheat was maintained at 60 m3/mu, and the harvest period was the same as that of Embodiment 2.
    The test results of Embodiment 2 and Comparative Example 2 are compared as folloxvs:
    The three factors of yield in the test field under the precise irrigation method based on the water demand of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area described in Embodiment 2 were: 449,000 ears per mu, 39.2 grains per ear, 40.5g per thousand grains, respectively. The yield of the wheat was 561.09kg per mu.
    The three factors of yield and in the test field under the comparative traditional irrigation method were: 431,000 ears per mu, 33.2 grains per ear, 36.2g per thousand grains, respectively. The yield of the wheat was 513.3 kg / mu of wheat.
    According to the comparison of the above three factors of yield and the wheat yield, in the precision irrigation method described in Embodiment 2, the weight per thousand grains was increased by 11.8% and the yield was increased by 9.3% while the irrigation water volume was reduced by 33%. The weight per thousand grains and yield of the precision irrigation method increased significantly. It can be seen that the present disclosure does not simply perform the traditional wheat irrigation twice, based on combining the water demand in the Yellow River irrigation area, the water demand nature of the wheat in the growth cycle is properly matched with the water release curve, which significantly reduces the total amount of irrigation, satisfies the irrigation water demand of the crop, and significantly improved agricultural productivity.
    Although the present disclosure has been described in detail according to the preferred embodiments, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Under the spirit and essence of the present disclosure, those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or replacements to the embodiments of the present disclosure, and these modifications or replacements should be within the scope of the present disclosure. Any modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present disclosure can be easily obtained by those skilled in the art, and are contained in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure relies on the scope of protection described in the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A precision irrigation method based on the characteristics of the water requirements of winter wheat in a Yellow River irrigation area, characterized in that the precision irrigation method comprises:
    determining an irrigation period and an amount of irrigation water based on a growth period of the winter wheat and a leaf water potential of the wheat, and performing precise irrigations.
    [2]
    Precision irrigation method based on the characteristics of the water requirements of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area according to claim 1, characterized in that the precision irrigation method further comprises:
    conducting a first precise irrigation in a flowering phase of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area, and detecting the wheat water's leaf water potential, irrigating the wheat when the water water leaf potential is less than -0.8 MPa.
    [3]
    Precision irrigation method based on the characteristics of the water requirement of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area according to claim 2, characterized in that the precision irrigation method further comprises irrigating water between rows of wheat and the irrigation water at 30 ° C. Keep 40 nr '/ mu in the flowering phase of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area.
    [4]
    Precision irrigation method based on the characteristics of the water requirement of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area according to claim 2, characterized in that the precision irrigation method further comprises maintaining a field water holding capacity of more than 90% for 10 years. days in the flowering phase of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area.
    [5]
    Precision irrigation method based on the characteristics of the water requirement of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area according to claim 2, characterized in that the precision irrigation method further comprises after fertilization, irrigation of the winter wheat in the Yellow River. irrigation area during the flowering phase.
    [6]
    Precision irrigation method based on the characteristics of the water requirement of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area according to claim 1, characterized in that the precision irrigation method further comprises performing a second precision irrigation in a flowering phase of the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area, and detecting the wheat water's leaf water potential, where when the water leaf value is less than -0.8 MPa, the wheat is irrigated.
    [7]
    Precision irrigation method based on the characteristics of the water requirement of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area according to claim 6, characterized in that the precision irrigation method further comprises distributing the irrigation water among the rows of wheat and keeping of the irrigation water at 30-40 m 3 / mu in the flowering phase of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area.
    [8]
    Precision irrigation method based on the characteristics of the water requirements of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area according to claim 6, characterized in that the precision irrigation method maintains a field water holding capacity of more than 90% for 10 days in the flowering phase of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area.
    [9]
    Precision irrigation method based on the characteristics of the water requirement of winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area according to claim 6, characterized in that the precision irrigation method further comprises after fertilization, irrigation of the winter wheat in the Yellow River. irrigation area during the flowering phase.
    [10]
    10. Precision irrigation method based on the characteristics of the water requirement
    The winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area according to claim 1, characterized in that the precision irrigation method further comprises sowing the winter wheat in the Yellow River irrigation area without watering.
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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